Xenophobia in South Africa who is to blame?

Xenophobia in South Africa. According to Wikipedia, Prior to 1994, immigrants from elsewhere faced discrimination and even violence in South Africa. After majority rule in 1994, contrary to expectations, the incidence of xenophobia increased. [1] Between 2000 and March 2008, at least 67 people died in what were identified as xenophobic attacks. In May 2008, a series of attacks left 62 people dead; although 21 of those killed were South African citizens. The attacks were motivated by xenophobia. [2] In 2015, another nationwide spike in xenophobic attacks against immigrants in general prompted a number of foreign governments to begin repatriating their citizens.

In all this documented cases who is to blame?

South Africans destroying properties of other African immigrants, who exactly caused the apartheid?

Exactly what is fueling all this problems?

Why can’t South Africans hold referendum on land expropriation?

Does this issues has a solution?